LteNicUeD2D¶

compound module LteNicUeD2D

Represents a Device-to-Device (D2D) capable User Equipment (UE) network interface. It extends the basic LTE UE functionality by adding D2D communication capabilities, allowing direct communication between UEs without the need to route traffic through the base station.

The PDCP and RLC entities are missing from the submodules on purpose: the RRC layer’s BearerManagement creates them per bearer at run time.

Usage diagram¶

Inheritance diagram¶

Used in compound modules¶

Name	Type	Description
LteUe	compound module	Models a User Equipment (UE) in a 4G LTE network. It is a host equipped with an LTE Network Interface Card (NIC), allowing the UE to connect to an eNodeB module via the Radio Access Network (RAN) of the LTE network and communicate with any other host in the system. The UE is an INET StandardHost ↗ with the cellular NIC as an additional network interface of its link layer, so it has all the higher layers of the protocol stack, from the link layer to the application modules, and the configuration options of StandardHost ↗ (numApps, hasUdp, hasTcp, hasIpv4, hasIpv6, numEthInterfaces, etc.). Its Ethernet interfaces (eth[]) are utilized in real-time emulation mode to connect the UE to the real network (outside the simulator) via a virtual Ethernet interface.

Extends¶

Name	Type	Description
LteNicUe	compound module	The LteNicUe module is a network interface that provides LTE connectivity within a UE (User Equipment). It implements the data and signaling planes of the LTE stack, which includes PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers. The parameters and submodules allow customization of the UE’s behavior.

Parameters¶

Name	Type	Default value	Description
displayStringTextFormat	string	“%a (%i)\n%m”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
recordPcap	bool	false
numPcapRecorders	int	recordPcap ? 1 : 0
isWireless	bool	true
interfaceTableModule	string
routingTableModule	string
hasRniSupport	bool	false
nodeType	string
processingDelayIn	double	0s	Additional processing delay for incoming ip packets
processingDelayOut	double	0s	Additional processing delay for outgoing ip packets
channelModelType	string	“D2dChannelModel”
dualConnectivityEnabled	bool	false
numCarriers	int	1
address	string	“auto”
sessionType	string		The type of the UE’s session (see LteUe), set by the node
d2dInitialMode	bool	false

Properties¶

Name	Value	Description
class	NonlayoutingNetworkInterface
display	i=block/ifcard;bgb=800,810;bgl=3
lifecycleSupport
networkInterface

Gates¶

Name	Direction	Description
upperLayerIn	input
upperLayerOut	output
radioIn	input	To receive messages sent using sendDirect()
nrRadioIn	input	For NR support
x2 [ ]	inout	Optional X2 manager

Signals¶

Name	Type	Unit	Description
packetDropped	inet::Packet ↗

Statistics¶

Name	Title	Source	Record	Unit	Interpolation Mode	Description
packetDropInterfaceDown	packet drops: interface down	packetDropReasonIsInterfaceDown(packetDropped)	count,sum(packetBytes),vector(packetBytes)		none
packetDropNoCarrier	packet drops: no carrier	packetDropReasonIsNoCarrier(packetDropped)	count,sum(packetBytes),vector(packetBytes)		none

Unassigned submodule parameters¶

Name	Type	Default value	Description
pcapRecorder ↗.displayStringTextFormat	string	“rec: %n pks”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
pcapRecorder ↗.verbose	bool	true	Whether to log packets on the module output
pcapRecorder ↗.recordEmptyPackets	bool	true	Specifies if zero length packets are recorded or not
pcapRecorder ↗.enableConvertingPackets	bool	true	Specifies if converting packets to link type is allowed or not
pcapRecorder ↗.pcapFile	string	“”	The PCAP file to be written, suggested value: pcapFile = “${resultdir}/${configname}-#${runnumber}” + fullpath() + “.pcap”
pcapRecorder ↗.fileFormat	string	“pcapng”
pcapRecorder ↗.snaplen	int	65535	Maximum number of bytes to record per packet
pcapRecorder ↗.timePrecision	int	6	Time precision in recorded file. pcap supports only 6 (usec) or 9 (nanosec), pcapng supports more values (see ‘if_tsresol’ option in pcapng file format).
pcapRecorder ↗.dumpBadFrames	bool	true	Enable dump of frames with hasBitError
pcapRecorder ↗.sendingSignalNames	string	“transmissionEnded”	Space-separated list of outbound packet signals to subscribe to
pcapRecorder ↗.receivingSignalNames	string	“receptionEnded”	Space-separated list of inbound packet signals to subscribe to
pcapRecorder ↗.dumpProtocols	string	“ethernetmac ppp ieee80211mac”	Space-separated list of protocol names as defined in the Protocol class
pcapRecorder ↗.packetFilter	object	“*”	Which packets are considered, matches all packets by default
pcapRecorder ↗.helpers	string	“”	Usable PcapRecorder::IHelper helpers for accept packettype and store/convert packet as specified linktype
pcapRecorder ↗.alwaysFlush	bool	false	Flush the pcapFile after each write to ensure that all packets are captured in case of a crash
handoverPacketHolder.sessionType	string		The type of the UE’s session (see LteUe): the IP types parse the uplink datagram’s header for the modules after this one, the others carry the payload as is
ip2nic.binderModule	string	“binder”
ip2nic.connectionControlModule	string	“^.rrc.connectionControl”	The node’s control-plane entry point, asked for a bearer on a lookup miss
ip2nic.isNr	bool	false	True for the NR leg (set by NrNicUe/NrNicEnb, or in the ini for a DC master eNB)
ip2nic.hasSdap	bool	false	When true, SDAP handles DRB/RLC assignment; Ip2Nic skips traffic classification
ip2nic.sessionType	string	“”	UE only: the type of the UE’s session (see LteUe), which the payload the NIC delivers up is of; set by the NIC
ip2nic.establishBearersOnDemand	bool	true	When false, a packet that finds no established bearer raises an error instead of establishing one (static bearers are established up front; see the staticDrbs parameter of BearerConfigurator)
ip2nic.d2dBinderModule	string	“d2dBinder”	The network’s D2dBinder, which holds the D2D state
rrc.registration.interfaceTableModule	string
rrc.registration.interfaceName	string	“cellular”
rrc.registration.routingTableModule	string
rrc.registration.binderModule	string	“binder”
rrc.registration.connectionControlModule	string	“^.connectionControl”	The node’s control-plane entry point (see Rrc), told about a multicast group join
rrc.registration.sessionType	string	“”	UE only: the type of the UE’s session (see LteUe): a UE created during the run gets an IPv4 default route through the NIC only on an IP session, and the NIC of an Ethernet session is an Ethernet port; set by the NIC
rrc.bearerManagement.binderModule	string	“binder”	To reach a peer’s BearerManagement on RLF
rrc.bearerManagement.connectionControlModule	string	“^.connectionControl”	The node’s control-plane entry point (see Rrc), which a torn-down bearer’s DRB identity goes back through
rrc.bearerManagement.t311	double	0s	RRC re-establishment cell-selection timer (0 => release-to-IDLE)
rrc.bearerManagement.t301	double	0.1s	RRC re-establishment (request -> complete) timer
rrc.bearerManagement.headerCompressedSize	int	-1B	Removed, an error if set: header compression is configured per bearer (the rohc field of BearerConfigurator’s bearer definitions)
rrc.bearerManagement.pdcpEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.pdcp.LtePdcpEntity”	PDCP entity types: the full PDCP entity is a compound (PdcpEntityBase, TX+RX sides plus the leg split/join stage of a multi-leg bearer); the instantiable types are its subclasses (LtePdcpEntity, NrPdcpEntity). At a DC secondary a bearer’s PDCP lives at the master, so the secondary installs an PdcpRelayEntity (tunnels PDUs to/from the master) in its place.
rrc.bearerManagement.pdcpRelayEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.pdcp.PdcpRelayEntity”
rrc.bearerManagement.dualConnectivityEnabled	bool	false	Set by the NIC; two-leg (split-capable) bearers
rrc.bearerManagement.rlcTmEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.rlc.RlcTmEntity”	RLC entity types (compound modules): lteRlc* = LTE-FI bearers (TS 36.322), nrRlc* = NR bearers (SI/SO wire format, TS 38.322)
rrc.bearerManagement.lteRlcUmEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.rlc.LteRlcUmEntity”
rrc.bearerManagement.lteRlcAmEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.rlc.LteRlcAmEntity”
rrc.bearerManagement.nrRlcUmEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.rlc.NrRlcUmEntity”
rrc.bearerManagement.nrRlcAmEntityModuleType	string	“simu5g.stack.rlc.NrRlcAmEntity”
rrc.bearerManagement.registrationModule	string	“^.registration”	Module references for accessing other stack layers
rrc.bearerManagement.drbTableModule	string	“^.drbTable”
rrc.bearerManagement.ip2nicModule	string	“^.^.ip2nic”
rrc.bearerManagement.handoverPacketHolderModule	string	“^.^.handoverPacketHolder”	Attachment-ledger push target (UE only)
rrc.bearerManagement.pdcpMuxModule	string	“^.^.pdcpMux”
rrc.bearerManagement.pdcpDcMuxModule	string	“^.^.pdcpDcMux”
rrc.bearerManagement.d2dModeControllerModule	string	“^.d2dModeController”
rrc.bearerManagement.rlcMuxModule	string	“^.^.rlcMux”
rrc.bearerManagement.nrRlcMuxModule	string	“^.^.nrRlcMux”
rrc.bearerManagement.macModule	string	“^.^.mac”
rrc.bearerManagement.nrMacModule	string	“^.^.nrMac”
rrc.bearerManagement.sdapModule	string	“^.^.sdap”	Configuration push target; unresolvable (no SDAP on the NIC) = no pushes
rrc.bearerManagement.qosFlowClassifierModule	string	“^.^.qosFlowClassifier”	Uplink QFI rule push target; unresolvable (not a UE stack with SDAP) = no pushes
rrc.connectionControl.binderModule	string	“binder”
rrc.connectionControl.bearerConfiguratorModule	string	“bearerConfigurator”
rrc.connectionControl.coreControlModule	string	“coreControl”
rrc.connectionControl.bearerManagementModule	string	“^.bearerManagement”
rrc.connectionControl.macModule	string	“^.^.mac”
rrc.connectionControl.handoverPacketHolderModule	string	“^.^.handoverPacketHolder”
rrc.connectionControl.gtpUserModule	string	“^.^.^.relay.gtpUser”
rrc.connectionControl.gtpUserX2Module	string	“^.^.^.gtpUserX2”
rrc.connectionControl.macNodeId	int		The base station’s node id; the NIC sets it from the node’s
rrc.connectionControl.gateway	string	“”	The node’s core network gateway, as its gateway parameter names it; ignored at a node not connected to a core network (a secondary node)
rrc.nrConnectionControl.dynamicCellAssociation	bool	false
rrc.nrConnectionControl.enableHandover	bool	false	Allows handovers in the UE
rrc.nrConnectionControl.isNr	bool		Whether this instance is associated with the NR or the LTE stack
rrc.nrConnectionControl.macNodeId	int		MacNodeId of the stack leg this controller belongs to (set by the NIC)
rrc.nrConnectionControl.sessionType	string		The type of the session the UE requests at connection setup (see LteUe), set by the NIC
rrc.nrConnectionControl.handoverLatency	double	50ms	Handover duration
rrc.nrConnectionControl.handoverDetachmentTime	double	handoverLatency > 0s ? handoverLatency/2 : 25ms
rrc.nrConnectionControl.handoverAttachmentTime	double	handoverLatency > 0s ? handoverLatency-handoverDetachmentTime : handoverDetachmentTime
rrc.nrConnectionControl.minRssiDefault	bool	true	Whether minRssi is taken from PhyPisaData instead of the minRssi parameter
rrc.nrConnectionControl.minRssi	double	-99.0dB	Configurable minimum threshold RSSI for attaching to an eNB (meaningful only if minRssiDefault==false)
rrc.nrConnectionControl.hysteresisFactor	double	10
rrc.nrConnectionControl.binderModule	string	“binder”
rrc.nrConnectionControl.macModule	string	“^.^.mac”
rrc.nrConnectionControl.bearerManagementModule	string	“^.bearerManagement”
rrc.nrConnectionControl.handoverPacketHolderModule	string	“^.^.handoverPacketHolder”
rrc.nrConnectionControl.feedbackGeneratorModule	string	“^.^.dlFbGen”	TODO or “^.^.nrDlFbGen”
rrc.nrConnectionControl.otherConnectionControlModule	string	“”
rrc.nrConnectionControl.hasCollector	bool	false	True when node has a collector module (ueCollector/nrUeCollector) for this PHY module
rrc.d2dModeSelection.modeSelectionPeriod	double	1s
rrc.d2dModeSelection.binderModule	string	“binder”
rrc.d2dModeSelection.d2dBinderModule	string	“d2dBinder”	The network’s D2dBinder, which holds the D2D state
rrc.d2dModeSelection.macModule	string	“^.^.mac”
rrc.d2dModeSelection.connectionControlModule	string	“^.connectionControl”	The node’s control-plane entry point, which knows the UEs handing over
rlcMux.bearerManagementModule	string	“^.rrc.bearerManagement”
phy.isNr	bool	false	True for the NR leg (set by NrNicUe/NrNicEnb on their PHY submodule)
phy.macNodeId	int		MacNodeId of the stack leg this PHY belongs to (set by the NIC)
phy.ueTxPower	double	26dBm
phy.eNodeBTxPower	double	46dBm
phy.microTxPower	double	30dBm
phy.txDirection	string	“OMNI”
phy.txAngle	double	0deg
phy.binderModule	string	“binder”
phy.channelModelModule	string	“^.channelModel[0]”	Set to “^.nrChannelModel[0]” on an NR leg, see NrNicUe
phy.connectionControlModule	string	“^.rrc.connectionControl”
packetFlowObserver.macModule	string	“^.mac”
packetFlowObserver.pdcpModule	string	“^”
packetFlowObserver.rlcModule	string	“^”
packetFlowObserver.isNrObserver	bool	false
packetFlowObserver.pfmType	string	“PacketFlowObserverUe”
dlFbGen.isNr	bool	false	True for the NR leg (set by NrNicUe on the nrDlFbGen submodule)
dlFbGen.macNodeId	int		MacNodeId of the stack leg this generator belongs to (set by the NIC)
dlFbGen.feedbackType	string	“ALLBANDS”	Can be ALLBANDS, PREFERRED, WIDEBAND
dlFbGen.rbAllocationType	string	“localized”	Resource allocation type (“distributed” or “localized”)
dlFbGen.fbPeriod	int	6tti	Period for Periodic feedback in TTI
dlFbGen.fbDelay	int	1tti	Time interval between sensing and transmission in TTI
dlFbGen.usePeriodic	bool	true	Whether periodic feedback is used in addition to aperiodic feedback
dlFbGen.initialTxMode	string	“SINGLE_ANTENNA_PORT0”	Initial txMode (see LteCommon.h)
dlFbGen.binderModule	string	“binder”
dlFbGen.phyModule	string	“^.phy”

Source code¶

//
// Represents a Device-to-Device (D2D) capable User Equipment (UE)
// network interface. It extends the basic LTE UE functionality by adding D2D
// communication capabilities, allowing direct communication between UEs without
// the need to route traffic through the base station.
//
// The PDCP and RLC entities are missing from the submodules on purpose: the RRC
// layer's ~BearerManagement creates them per bearer at run time.
//
module LteNicUeD2D extends LteNicUe
{
    parameters:
        mac.typename = default("LteMacUeD2D");
        phy.typename = default("PhyUeD2D");
        packetFlowObserver.typename = default("PacketFlowObserverUe");
        ip2nic.typename = default("Ip2NicD2D");
        rlcMux.typename = default("RlcMuxD2D");
        rrc.bearerManagement.lteRlcUmEntityModuleType = default("simu5g.stack.d2d.rlc.LteRlcUmEntityD2D");

        // Use the D2D-capable channel model
        channelModelType = default("D2dChannelModel");

        rrc.typename = default("RrcD2D");
        rrc.connectionControl.typename = default("ConnectionControlUeD2D");
        bool d2dInitialMode = default(false);
}

File: src/simu5g/stack/d2d/LteNicUeD2D.ned